Multi-identity optics modules

ABSTRACT

An optics module sends, to a host module, a pin signal indicating that an optics module is plugged into the host module, wherein the optics module is configured to operate at at least a first data rate and a second data rate. The optics module receives, from the host module, an indication of a host data rate. The optics module determines whether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and a host data rate. If it is determined that there is clock and data recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the host data rate, the optics module initializes at the second data rate if the second data rate matches the host data rate.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/499,196, filed Apr. 27, 2017, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/462,646, filed Feb. 23, 2017. Theentirety of each of these applications is incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to multi-identity multi-rate opticsmodules.

BACKGROUND

Optics modules are compact transceivers often used in data centers.Optics modules typically interface a host module (e.g., host card) witha fiber optic cable, and are generally designed to support one or morespecific data rates (e.g., 1, 2.5, 10, 25, 50, etc. Gbit/s (G))corresponding to a given platform. For example, single-rate 10G opticsmodules are generally compatible with single-rate 10G host modules.However, single-rate 10G optics modules are not compatible withsingle-rate 25G host modules, and single-rate 25G optics modules are notcompatible with single-rate 10G host modules. Further, conventionalmulti-rate optics modules are only compatible with host modules havingthe host module software driver support for proper optics recognition.For example, dual-rate 10/25G optics modules are generally compatiblewith dual-rate 10/25G host modules but not with single-rate 25Gplatforms because single-rate 25G host modules lack the requisite hostmodule software driver support. Thus, current multi-rate optics modulesare not generally compatible with their corresponding single-rate hostmodules.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram of a node implementingmulti-identity optics modules according to an example embodiment.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are sequence diagrams illustrating communication betweena host module and a multi-identity optics module according to an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating communication between a hostmodule and a multi-identity optics module according to another exampleembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a high-level flowchart of a process for initializing amulti-identity optics module at a host module according to an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for a process for initializing a dual rate (e.g.,10/25G) multi-identity optics module at a host module according to anexample embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for a process for initializing a tri-rate (e.g.,10/25/50G) multi-identity optics module at a host module according to anexample embodiment.

FIGS. 7A-7C are partial circuit diagrams of a multi-identity opticsmodule and a host module and illustrating “break-and-make” techniquesaccording to an example embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a computing device configured to executemulti-identity techniques according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a generalized method according to an exampleembodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Overview

In one embodiment, an optics module sends, to a host module, a pinsignal indicating that an optics module is plugged into the host module,wherein the optics module is configured to operate at at least a firstdata rate and a second data rate. The optics module receives, from thehost module, an indication of a host data rate. The optics moduledetermines whether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock betweenthe first data rate and a host data rate. If it is determined that thereis clock and data recovery loss of lock between the first data rate andthe host data rate, the optics module initializes at the second datarate if the second data rate matches the host data rate.

Example Embodiments

Described herein is a multi-identity multi-rate optics (optical) modulethat is generally compatible with its associated single-rate host modulewithout requiring a software driver change on the single-rate hostmodule. Thus, for example, a multi-identity dual-rate 10/25G opticsmodule is generally compatible with single-rate 10G host modules,single-rate 25G host modules, and dual-rate 10/25G host modules. Inanother example, a multi-identity tri-rate 10/25/50G optics module isgenerally compatible with single-rate 10G host modules, single-rate 25Ghost modules, dual-rate (e.g., 10/25G) host modules, tri-rate (e.g.,10/25/50G) host modules, etc.

With reference first to FIG. 1, shown is a node 100 in communicationwith an optical network 105 in accordance with examples presentedherein. The node is an optical network node that includes host cards110(1)-110(3), multi-identity optics modules 115(1)-115(3), and fiberoptic cables 120(1)-120(3).

Fiber optic cables 120(1)-120(3) transport optical signals that carrydata between the node 100 and the network 105 at different rates. Forexample, fiber optic cables 120(1) and 120(3) transport optical signalsat a transmit data at a rate of 10G, and fiber optic cable 120(2)transports optical signals at a transmit data at a rate of 25G. Hostcards 110(1)-110(3) are respectively configured to handle the data ratesof fiber optic cables 120(1)-120(3). Specifically, host card 110(1) is asingle-rate (e.g., 10G) host module, host card 110(2) is a single-rate(e.g., 25G) host module, and host card 110(3) is a dual-rate (e.g.,10/25G) host module. Because host card 110(3) is dual-rate, it iscompatible with either 10G or 25G data rates.

Fiber optic cables 120(1)-120(3) carry data in the form of opticalsignals, but host cards 110(1)-110(3) are configured to handleelectrical signals. As such, multi-identity optics modules 115(1)-115(3)are provided to interface the host cards 110(1)-110(3) and fiber opticcables 120(1)-120(3). For example, multi-identity optics module 115(1)converts incoming optical signals from fiber optic cable 120(1) toelectrical signals for host card 110(1). Multi-identity optics module115(1) also converts incoming electrical signals from host card 110(1)to optical signals for fiber optic cable 120(1). In this example,multi-identity optics modules 115(1)-115(3) are each of the same type(e.g., multi-identity dual-rate 10/25G optics modules). Therefore, asexplained in greater detail below, multi-identity optics modules115(1)-115(3) are generally compatible with host card 110(1) (e.g.,10G), host card 110(2) (e.g., 25G), and host card 110(3) (e.g., 10/25G).

With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, shown are sequence diagrams 200A and200B illustrating communication between a host module and amulti-identity optics module in accordance with examples presentedherein. Turning first to FIG. 2A, at 205, a user inserts themulti-identity optics module into the host module. At 210, themulti-identity optics module negates a module absent (MOD_ABS) signal.MOD_ABS indicates the absence of the multi-identity optics module. Whenthe multi-identity optics module negates MOD_ABS, the host moduledetects the presence of the multi-identity optics module at 215.

At 220, the host module begins reading an electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM) map from a memory buffer of themulti-identity optics module that is accessible by the host module. TheEEPROM map specifies a data rate at which the multi-identity opticsmodule is currently configured to operate. As discussed below, themulti-identity optics module includes multiple EEPROM maps, eachcorresponding to a different data rate. At 225, the multi-identityoptics module sends the content of the EEPROM map to the host moduleuntil the host module has completely read the EEPROM map at 230. At 235,the host module determines that the content of the EEPROM map (e.g., thespecified data rate) matches with a library storing an indication of thedata rate of the host module.

Having confirmed that the multi-identity optics module data rate matchesthe host module data rate, the host module sends an idle character tothe multi-identity optics module at 240. At 245, the multi-identityoptics module determines whether there is clock and data recovery lossof lock between the multi-identity optics module data rate and the hostdata rate. Clock and data recovery enables the multi-identity opticsmodule to sample the idle character to determine the host module datarate. At 250, the multi-identity optics module determines that there isno clock and data recovery loss of lock between the multi-identityoptics module data rate and the host data rate. In other words, themulti-identity optics module and the host data rates lock/match.

In an example, the host module is a single-rate 25G host card and theEEPROM map specifies that the multi-identity optics module is currentlyconfigured to operate at a data rate of 25G. In this example, the hostmodule determines that the rate specified in the EEPROM map (25G)matches the host data rate (also 25G). Similarly, multi-identity opticsmodule determines from the idle character that the host data rate (25G)matches the rate specified in the EEPROM map (also 25G). Thus, the hostmodule determines the data rate at which the multi-identity opticsmodule is currently configured to operate based on the EEPROM map.Similarly, the multi-identity optics module determines the host datarate based on the idle character. As such, at 255, the host module linksup with the multi-identity module, and at 260 the multi-identity opticsmodule boots as normal.

FIG. 2B is a sequence diagram 200B illustrating communication between ahost module and a multi-identity optics module in accordance withexamples presented herein. Sequence diagram 200B is similar to sequencediagram 200A. However, whereas the sequence in FIG. 2A involves the hostmodule reading the EEPROM map before sending the idle character tomodule, the sequence in FIG. 2B involves the host reading the EEPROM mapafter sending idle character to module.

As shown in FIG. 2B, at 205 the multi-identity optics module is inserted(e.g., by a user). At 210, the multi-identity optics module negates theMOD_ABS signal. At 215, the host module detects the presence of themulti-identity optics module. At 220, the host module begins reading theEEPROM map. At 225, the multi-identity optics module sends the contentof the EEPROM map to the host module. In the example sequence of FIG.2B, the host module sends the idle character at 240 before the hostmodule has completely read the EEPROM map at 230. This enables themulti-identity optics module to determine that there is no clock anddata recovery loss of lock between the multi-identity optics module datarate and the host data rate at 245 and 250 while the host is reading theEEPROM map. At 235, the host module determines that the content of theEEPROM map (e.g., the specified data rate) matches a library storing anindication of the data rate of the host module. At 260, the host modulelinks up with the multi-identity module, and at 255 the multi-identityoptics module boots as normal.

FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating communication between a hostmodule and a multi-identity optics module in accordance with anotherexample embodiment. The sequence of FIG. 3 involves a 10G host moduleand a dual-rate 10/25G multi-identity optics module. Like the sequenceof FIG. 2B, in this sequence the host module sends the idle characterbefore the host module has completely read the EEPROM map. Unlike thesequences of FIGS. 2A and 2B, this sequence involves a mismatch betweenthe first EEPROM map that the host module reads and the host module datarate.

At 302, the multi-identity optics module is inserted (e.g., by a user).At 304, the multi-identity optics module negates the MOD_ABS signal. At306, the host module detects the presence of the multi-identity opticsmodule. At 308, the host module begins reading a first EEPROM map. Inthis example, the first EEPROM map specifies a multi-identity opticsmodule data rate of 25G. At 310, the multi-identity optics module sendsthe content of the first EEPROM map to the host module. At 312, the hostmodule sends the idle character to the multi-identity optics module. At314, the multi-identity optics module determines whether there is clockand data recovery loss of lock between the current multi-identity opticsmodule data rate (i.e., 25G) and the host data rate. At 316, themulti-identity optics module determines that there is clock and datarecovery loss of lock between the current multi-identity optics moduledata rate and the host data rate. From the perspective of themulti-identity optics module, this is because the data rate of the hostdevice (as indicated by the idle character) is 10G, whereas the currentmulti-identity optics module data rate (as specified by the first EEPROMmap) is 25G. Meanwhile, at 318 and 320, the host module finishes readingthe EEPROM map and determines that the content of the EEPROM map (e.g.,the specified data rate) does not match a library storing an indicationof the data rate of the host module. From the perspective of the hostmodule, this is because the data rate of the host module (as indicatedin the library) is 10G, whereas the current multi-identity optics moduledata rate is 25G (as specified by the first EEPROM map). Accordingly,the host module keeps the link down at 322.

After the multi-identity optics module determines at 316 that there wasclock and data recovery loss of lock between the 25G multi-identityoptics module data rate and the 10G host data rate, the multi-identityoptics module sets the rate in a non-volatile random access memory(NVRAM) to 10G at 324. At 326, the multi-identity optics module assertsa MOD_ABS signal to the host module to indicate the absence of themulti-identity optics module. The host receives the MOD_ABS signal at328 and, in response, removes the multi-identity optics module at 330.After asserting the MOD_ABS signal at 326, the multi-identity opticsmodule asserts a MOD_ABS signal and, at 332, waits for approximately onesecond. At 334, the multi-identity optics module negates a MOD_ABSsignal. At 336, the host module receives the signal negating MOD_ABS,causing the host module to detect the presence of the multi-identityoptics module at 338.

At 340, the host module begins reading the second EEPROM map, whichspecifies a multi-identity optics module data rate of 10G. At 342, themulti-identity optics module sends the content of the second EEPROM mapto the host module. At 344, the host module sends the idle character tothe multi-identity optics module. At 346, the multi-identity opticsmodule determines whether there is clock and data recovery loss of lockbetween the current multi-identity optics module data rate (i.e., 10G)and the host data rate. At 348, the multi-identity optics moduledetermines that there is no clock and data recovery loss of lock betweenthe current multi-identity optics module data rate and the host datarate. From the perspective of the multi-identity optics module, this isbecause the data rate of the host device (as indicated by the idlecharacter) and the current multi-identity optics module data rate (asspecified by the first EEPROM map) are both 10G. As such, themulti-identity optics module boots as normal at 350.

Meanwhile, at 352 and 354, the host module finishes reading the EEPROMmap and determines that the content of the EEPROM map (e.g., thespecified data rate) matches the library storing the indication of thedata rate of the host module. From the perspective of the host module,this is because the data rate of the host module (as indicated in thelibrary) and the current multi-identity optics module data rate (asspecified by the first EEPROM map) are both 10G. Accordingly, at 356,the host module links up with the multi-identity optics module.

FIG. 4 is a high-level flowchart 400 of a method for initializing amulti-identity optics module at a host module. At 405, the presence ofthe multi-identity optics module is asserted. At 410, it is determinedwhether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock between thecurrent multi-identity optics module data rate and the host data rate.If it is determined that there is no clock and data recovery loss oflock (“No”), the current multi-identity optics module data rate and thehost data rate match and the multi-identity optics module is initializedat 415. If it is determined that there is clock and data recovery lossof lock (“Yes”), the current multi-identity optics module data rate andthe host data rate do not match. Thus, the flow proceeds to 420, wherethe multi-identity optics module data rate sets an alternate EEPROM mapthat specifies an alternate multi-identity optics module data rate. At425, the multi-identity optics module asserts a “break-and-make”presence signal. A purpose of the “break-and-make” presence signal is toprovoke the host module to read the alternate EEPROM map. The“break-and-make” presence signal may involve asserting a MOD_ABS signaland then negating the MOD_ABS signal after some time.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart 500 of an example method for initializing adual-rate (e.g., 10/25G) multi-identity optics module on a 10G hostmodule. The 10/25G multi-identity optics module includes a NVRAM and twoEEPROM maps respectively specifying multi-identity optics module datarates (i.e., 10G and 25G). At 505, the multi-identity optics module isinserted into the host module. At 510, the multi-identity optics modulesets the clock and data recovery rate to the rate currently stored inthe NVRAM. In this example, 25G is the default rate (i.e., the data rateinitially stored in the NVRAM). The multi-identity optics module 25Gdata rate is also stored in an EEPROM buffer to allow the host module toread the 25G EEPROM content.

At 515, the multi-identity optics module determines whether there isclock and data recovery loss of lock between the current multi-identityoptics module data rate (i.e., 25G) and the host data rate (i.e., 10G).If there is no clock and data recovery loss of lock (“No”), themulti-identity optics module initializes at 520. However, in thisexample there is clock and data recovery loss of lock (“Yes”) becausethe current multi-identity optics module data rate (i.e., 25G) isdifferent from the host data rate (i.e., 10G). As such, the flowproceeds to 525, at which the multi-identity optics module sets thealternate rate (i.e., 10G) in the EEPROM buffer and NVRAM.

At 530-540, the multi-identity optics module asserts a “break-and-make”presence signal. At 530, the multi-identity optics module asserts aMOD_ABS signal to indicate the absence of the multi-identity opticsmodule to the host module. At 535, the multi-identity optics modulewaits for a period of time (e.g., one second). At 540, themulti-identity optics module negates the MOD_ABS signal. This causes thehost module to recognize the multi-identity optics module. Thus, the“break-and-make” presence signal enables the multi-identity opticsmodule to remain plugged in to the host module while setting thealternate data rate. From the perspective of the host module, a 25Goptics module was inserted (505), the 25G optics module was physicallyremoved (530), and a 10G optics module was inserted (540). However, inreality, the multi-identity module remained inserted in the host moduleand while providing both 10G and 25G data rates.

Although the multi-identity optics module supports clock and datarecovery at 25G, the multi-identity optics module may or may not supportclock and data recovery at 10G. As such, at 545, the multi-identityoptics module determines whether the multi-identity optics modulesupports clock and data recovery at the 10G data rate. If themulti-identity optics module does not support clock and data recovery atthe 10G data rate (“No”), at 550 the multi-identity optics module setsthe clock and data recovery to bypass mode. This enables themulti-identity optics module to initialize at 520 without determiningwhether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock. If themulti-identity optics module supports clock and data recovery at the 10Gdata rate (“Yes”), the multi-identity optics module sets the clock anddata recovery rate to the rate in the NVRAM at 510. Per 525, the rate inthe NVRAM is 10G. At 515, the multi-identity optics module determineswhether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock between thecurrent multi-identity optics module data rate (i.e., 10G) and the hostdata rate (i.e., 10G). Because these rates match, there is no clock anddata recovery loss of lock (“No”), and the multi-identity optics moduleinitializes at 520.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart 600 of an example method for initializing atri-rate (e.g., 10/25/50G) multi-identity optics module on a 10G hostmodule. The 10/25/50G multi-identity optics module includes a NVRAM andthree EEPROM maps respectively specifying multi-identity optics moduledata rates (i.e., 10G, 25G, and 50G). In this example, themulti-identity optics module does not support clock and data recovery at10G.

At 605, the multi-identity optics module is inserted into the hostmodule. At 610, the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter isreset (i.e., set to zero). At 615, the multi-identity optics moduledetermines whether the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter isless than two. In this case, the multi-identity optics module determinesthat the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter is less than two(“Yes”) because the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter iscurrently set to zero.

At 620, the multi-identity optics module sets the clock and datarecovery rate to the rate currently stored in the NVRAM. In thisexample, 25G is the default rate (i.e., the data rate initially storedin the NVRAM). The multi-identity optics module 25G data rate is alsostored in an EEPROM buffer to allow the host module to read the 25GEEPROM content. At 625, the multi-identity optics module determineswhether there is clock and data recovery loss of lock between thecurrent multi-identity optics module data rate (i.e., 25G) and the hostdata rate (i.e., 10G). If there is no clock and data recovery loss oflock (“No”), the multi-identity optics module initializes at 630.However, in this example there is clock and data recovery loss of lock(“Yes”) because the current multi-identity optics module data rate(i.e., 25G) is different from the host data rate (i.e., 10G). As such,the flow proceeds to 635, where the multi-identity optics moduleincrements the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter such thatthe counter is now set to one.

At 640, the multi-identity optics module sets an alternate rate (here,50G) in the EEPROM buffer and NVRAM. The multi-identity optics moduleasserts a “break-and-make” presence signal at 645-655 by assertingMOD_ABS (645), waiting for approximately one second (650), and negatingthe MOD_ABS signal (655). At 615, the multi-identity optics moduledetermines that the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter is lessthan two (“Yes”) because the counter is currently set to one. At 620,the multi-identity optics module sets the clock and data recovery rateto the rate currently stored in the NVRAM (i.e., 50G). At 625, themulti-identity optics module determines that there is clock and datarecovery loss of lock between the current multi-identity optics moduledata rate (i.e., 50G) and the host data rate (i.e., 10G) (“Yes”). Assuch, the flow proceeds to 635, at which the multi-identity opticsmodule increments the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter suchthat the counter is now set to two.

This time, at 640, the multi-identity optics module sets anotheralternate rate (10G) in the EEPROM buffer and NVRAM. The multi-identityoptics module asserts the “break-and-make” presence signal at 645-655 asdescribed above. At 615, the multi-identity optics module determinesthat the clock and data recovery loss of lock counter is not less thantwo (“No”) because the counter is currently set to two. At 660, themulti-identity optics module sets the clock and data recovery to bypassmode. This enables the multi-identity optics module to initialize at 630without determining whether there is clock and data recovery loss oflock, which is not supported for 10G.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate partial circuit diagrams 700A-700C that depictexample “break-and-make” mechanisms. With reference to FIG. 7A, a hostcard 705 is shown with no optics module inserted. V_(CC1) produces avoltage on the MOD_ABS pin that is equal to 3.3V. When the host carddetects a voltage on the MOD_ABS pin of 3.3V, the host card recognizesthat there is no optics module inserted. As will be discussed below withreference to FIG. 7B, the host card recognizes an inserted optics modulewhen the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin is equal to 0.069V. Thus, MOD_ABS isasserted when the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin equals 3.3V, and MOD_ABS isnegated when the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin equals 0.069V. As will befurther described with reference to FIG. 7B, the multi-identity opticsmodule may toggle the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin between 3.3V and 0.069Vas appropriate to effectuate the “break-and-make” mechanisms withoutbeing physically removed from the host card 705.

Turning now to FIG. 7B, a host card 705 is shown with an insertedmulti-identity optics module 710. The multi-identity optics module 710includes control logic 715, a P-type metal oxide (p-MOS) transistor 720that functions as a switch to control the connection between V_(CC2) andthe MOD_ABS pin, and resistors R1 and R2 connected between thetransistor 720 and ground. In this example, the p-MOS transistor 720 isclosed when the control logic 715 asserts the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal, andis open when the control logic 715 does not asserts the FORCE_MOD_ABSsignal.

Initially, when the multi-identity optics module 710 is plugged in tothe host card 705, the control logic does not function for a period oftime (e.g., one second). During this initial time period, the controllogic 715 does not produce the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal. As such, the p-MOSprevents the V_(CC2) signal from reaching the MOD_ABS pin. As such, the100Ω resistor pulls the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin down to 0.069V (i.e.,MOD_ABS is negated). After the initial time period, the control logic715 begins operating but does not produce the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal.Thus, the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin remains at 0.069V while themulti-identity optics module 710 declares a first data rate to the hostcard 705.

If the first data rate matches the data rate of the host card, themulti-identity optics module 710 may not initiate a “break-and-make”mechanism. However, if the first data rate does not match the data rateof the host card, the multi-identity optics module 710 may cause thevoltage on the MOD_ABS pin to equal 3.3V (i.e., MOD_ABS is asserted).More specifically, the control logic 715 sets the FORCE_MOD_ABS signalto close the p-MOS for a period of time (e.g., one second) such that thevoltage from V_(CC2) reaches the MOD_ABS pin. During this period oftime, the power consumption on resistor R2 may be 109 mW it is a 100Ωresistor, which a 100Ω resistor may easily handle. While the voltage onthe MOD_ABS pin is at 3.3V, the multi-identity optics module 710 sets asecond data rate, as described above with respect to FIGS. 3-6.

The control logic 715 may then cease producing the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal,causing the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin to revert to 0.069V (i.e.,MOD_ABS is negated). From the perspective of the host card 705, a userremoved a mismatched module with the first data rate and inserted at newmodule with the second data rate. However, in reality, themulti-identity optics module 710 implemented a “break-and-make”mechanism to remain plugged in to the host card 705 while assertingdifferent data rates. When the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin reverts to0.069V, the host card 705 determines whether the second data ratematches the data rate of the host card 705. If the second data ratematches the data rate of the host card 705, the voltage on the MOD_ABSpin may remain at 0.069V and the host card 705 and multi-identity opticsmodule 710 may transfer data at the second data rate.

In an example, the host card 705 supports a 10G data rate only, and themulti-identity optics module 710 is a dual-rate 10/25G module.Initially, the module is inserted and the MOD_ABS signal is negated(i.e., set to 0.069V) to inform the host card 705 that a module ispresent. The host card 705 proceeds to read, from the multi-identityoptics module 710, the EEPROM map specifying the 25G data rate. Becausethe current data rate of the multi-identity optics module 710 (i.e.,25G) does not match that of the host card 705 (i.e., 10G), the host card705 does not enable the multi-identity optics module 710. When themulti-identity optics module 710 determines that the current data ratesetting does not match the data rate of the host card 705, themulti-identity optics module 710 re-loads the host-readable EEPROMbuffer with content specifying a 10G data rate. The control logicactivates the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal, thereby generating the MOD_ABSsignal. This causes the host card 705 to determine that themulti-identity optics module 710 has been removed. After approximatelyone second, the control logic 715 disables the FORCE_MOD_ABS signal,thereby negating the MOD_ABS signal. This causes the host card 705 todetermine that the multi-identity optics module 710 has been inserted,and reads the EEPROM map specifying the 10G data rate. Because theEEPROM content now matches the host card data rate, the host card 705may enable the multi-identity optics module 710.

In the above example, the multi-identity optics module 710 implementedthe “break-and-make” mechanism in the host card 705, which does not shutdown power in the absence of multi-identity optics module 710. FIG. 7Cillustrates an alternative example partial circuit diagram 700C in whichthe host card 705C shuts down power to the multi-identity optics module710C when multi-identity optics module 710C is not present or MOD_ABS isdeasserted. The circuitry shown in FIG. 7C is similar to that shown inFIG. 7B, except that power V_(CC2) of host card 705C supplies power topower supply V_(CC1) of multi-identity optics module 710C power via ap-MOS transistor 725. In an example, the host card 705C supports 10Gdata rates only, and the multi-identity optics module 710C is adual-rate 10/25G module.

Initially, a user inserts a multi-identity optics module 710C into thehost card 705C. As described above, the MOD_ABS signal is negated andthe control logic 715 is initially inactivated. Even upon activatingafter a period of time, the control logic does not initiate theFORCE_MOD_ABS signal. The host card 705C reads the EEPROM content fromthe multi-identity optics module 710C. In this example, the EEPROMcontent specifies a 25G data rate. Because the 25G data rate does notmatch the 10G data rate of the host card 705C, the host card 705C doesnot enable the multi-identity optics module 710C. When themulti-identity optics module 710C detects the data rate mismatch, themulti-identity optics module 710C re-loads the host-readable EEPROMbuffer with content specifying a 10G data rate, and enables theFORCE_MOD_ABS signal (i.e., by setting the voltage on the MOD_ABS pin to3.3V). This breaks or deasserts the MOD_ABS signal, prompting the hostcard 705C to shut down power (i.e., V_(CC1)). The MOD_ABS pin remainsset to 3.3V momentarily due to the intrinsic capacitance of themulti-identity optics module 710C. As mentioned, this momentary 3.3Vpulse allows the host card 705C to detect the removal of themulti-identity optics module 710C. With no power supplied tomulti-identity optics module 710C, the voltage across the MOD_ABS pin isnow 0V, causing the host card 705C to detect the presence ofmulti-identity optics module 710C and apply power to the multi-identityoptics module 710C via transistor 725. Subsequently, the host card 705Crecognizes the multi-identity optics module 710C and reads the currentEEPROM map. The EEPROM map now stores the matching data rate (i.e.,10G), and the host card 705C enables the transfer of data to/from themulti-identity optics module 710C.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a multi-identity optics module 800 that isconfigured to implement the techniques presented herein. In thisexample, the multi-identity optics module 800 includes a memory 805, oneor more processors 810, and optical transceiver 815. The memory 805includes NVRAM 820, EEPROM 825, and multi-identity control logic 830.The one or more processors 810 are configured to execute instructionsstored in the memory 805 (e.g., multi-identity control logic 830). Whenexecuted by the one or more processors 810, the multi-identity controllogic 830 enables the multi-identity optics module 800 to perform themulti-identity operations described herein in connection with FIGS.1-7C. The memory 805 may be read only memory (ROM), random access memory(RAM), magnetic disk storage media devices, optical storage mediadevices, flash memory devices, electrical, optical, or otherphysical/tangible memory storage devices. Thus, in general, the memory805 may comprise one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer readablestorage media (e.g., a memory device) encoded with software comprisingcomputer executable instructions and when the software is executed (bythe processor 810) it is operable to perform the operations describedherein.

FIG. 9 is a generalized flowchart 900 of a method in accordance withexamples presented herein. At 910, an optics module sends, to a hostmodule, a pin signal indicating that an optics module is plugged intothe host module, wherein the optics module is configured to operate atat least a first data rate and a second data rate. At 920, the opticsmodule receives, from the host module, an indication of a host datarate. At 930, the optics module determines whether there is clock anddata recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the host datarate. At 940, if it is determined that there is clock and data recoveryloss of lock between the first data rate and the host data rate, theoptics module initializes at the second data rate if the second datarate matches the host data rate.

The multi-identity multi-rate optics modules described herein aregenerally compatible with single-rate platforms (e.g., legacyplatforms). As such, these optics modules may directly replacesingle-rate optics without requiring a change to the platform softwaredriver. In addition, the EEPROM maps stored in the multi-identitymulti-rate optics modules may comply with the appropriate multi-sourceagreement (MSA) in accordance with the proper MSA compliance codes.These optics modules offer product consolidation, and volume and costreduction. They also minimize product life cycle maintenance, easeinventory management, and lower bill of materials and implementationcosts.

In one form, a method is provided. The method comprises: sending, to ahost module, a pin signal indicating that an optics module is pluggedinto the host module, wherein the optics module is configured to operateat at least a first data rate and a second data rate; receiving, fromthe host module, an indication of a host data rate; determining whetherthere is clock and data recovery loss of lock between the first datarate and a host data rate; and if it is determined that there is clockand data recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the hostdata rate, initializing the optics module at the second data rate if thesecond data rate matches the host data rate.

In another form, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises: oneor more optical transceivers; and one or more processors coupled to amemory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: send, to ahost module, a pin signal indicating that the apparatus is plugged intothe host module, wherein the apparatus is configured to operate at atleast a first data rate and a second data rate; receive, from the hostmodule, an indication of a host data rate; determine whether there isclock and data recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and ahost data rate; and if it is determined that there is clock and datarecovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the host datarate, initialize the apparatus at the second data rate if the seconddata rate matches the host data rate.

In another form, a system is provided. The system comprises: a hostmodule; and an optics module configured to plug into the host module,the optics module configured to: send, to a host module, a pin signalindicating that the optics module is plugged into the host module,wherein the optics module is configured to operate at at least a firstdata rate and a second data rate; receive, from the host module, anindication of a host data rate; determine whether there is clock anddata recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and a host datarate; and if it is determined that there is clock and data recovery lossof lock between the first data rate and the host data rate, initializethe optics module at the second data rate if the second data ratematches the host data rate.

The above description is intended by way of example only. Although thetechniques are illustrated and described herein as embodied in one ormore specific examples, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited tothe details shown, since various modifications and structural changesmay be made within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, from a hostmodule, an indication of a host data rate; based on the indication,determining whether there is a mismatch between a first data rate of anoptics module and the host data rate; and if it is determined that thereis the mismatch between the first data rate and the host data rate,initializing the optics module at a second data rate of the opticsmodule if the second data rate matches the host data rate.
 2. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: before receiving the indication of thehost data rate, sending, to the host module, an indication that theoptics module can communicate with the host module.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein determining whether there is the mismatch between thefirst data rate and the host data rate includes determining whetherthere is clock and data recovery loss of lock between the first datarate and the host data rate.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: if it is determined that there is the mismatch between thefirst data rate and the host data rate: sending, to the host module, anindication that the optics module cannot communicate with the hostmodule; and sending, to the host module, a subsequent indication thatthe optics module can communicate with the host module.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein initializing the optics module at the second data rateif the second data rate matches the host data rate includes: determiningwhether there is a mismatch between the second data rate and the hostdata rate; and if it is determined that there is not the mismatchbetween the second data rate and the host data rate, initializing theoptics module at the second data rate.
 6. The method of claim 2, whereinthe indication that the optics module can communicate with the hostmodule is a pin signal.
 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: ifit is determined that there is the mismatch between the second data rateand the host data rate, initializing the optics module at a third datarate of the optics module if the third data rate matches the host datarate.
 8. An apparatus comprising: one or more optical transceivers; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more optical transceivers,wherein the one or more processors are configured to: receive, from ahost module, an indication of a host data rate; based on the indication,determine whether there is a mismatch between a first data rate of theapparatus and the host data rate; and if it is determined that there isthe mismatch between the first data rate and the host data rate,initialize the apparatus at a second data rate of the apparatus if thesecond data rate matches the host data rate.
 9. The apparatus of claim8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: beforereceiving the indication of the host data rate, send, to the hostmodule, an indication that the apparatus can communicate with the hostmodule.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processorsare further configured to: determine whether there is clock and datarecovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the host datarate.
 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processorsare further configured to: if it is determined that there is themismatch between the first data rate and the host data rate: send, tothe host module, an indication that the apparatus cannot communicatewith the host module; and send, to the host module, a subsequentindication that the apparatus can communicate with the host module. 12.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to: determine whether there is a mismatch between the seconddata rate and the host data rate; and if it is determined that there isnot the mismatch between the second data rate and the host data rate,initialize the apparatus at the second data rate.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 9, wherein the indication that the apparatus can communicate withthe host module is a pin signal.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe one or more processors are further configured to: if it isdetermined that there is the mismatch between the second data rate andthe host data rate, initialize the apparatus at a third data rate of theapparatus if the third data rate matches the host data rate.
 15. One ormore non-transitory computer readable storage media encoded withinstructions that, when executed by a processor of an optics module,cause the processor to: receive, from a host module, an indication of ahost data rate; based on the indication, determine whether there is amismatch between a first data rate of the optics module and the hostdata rate; and if it is determined that there is the mismatch betweenthe first data rate and the host data rate, initialize the optics moduleat a second data rate of the optics module if the second data ratematches the host data rate.
 16. The one or more non-transitory computerreadable storage media of claim 15, wherein the instructions furthercause the processor to: before receiving the indication of the host datarate, send, to the host module, an indication that the optics module cancommunicate with the host module.
 17. The one or more non-transitorycomputer readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the instructionsfurther cause the processor to: determine whether there is clock anddata recovery loss of lock between the first data rate and the host datarate.
 18. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage mediaof claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to: ifit is determined that there is the mismatch between the first data rateand the host data rate: send, to the host module, an indication that theoptics module cannot communicate with the host module; and send, to thehost module, a subsequent indication that the optics module cancommunicate with the host module.
 19. The one or more non-transitorycomputer readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the instructionsfurther cause the processor to: determine whether there is a mismatchbetween the second data rate and the host data rate; and if it isdetermined that there is not the mismatch between the second data rateand the host data rate, initialize the optics module at the second datarate.
 20. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage mediaof claim 16, wherein the indication that the optics module cancommunicate with the host module is a pin signal.